What is the Dark Web?

Most people have heard of the Dark Web in news stories or tech articles. But what is it? How does it work? Is it worth visiting?

The Dark Web is a hidden network of highly encrypted machines available over the internet, but not using a typical web browser. While any content can be stored on the Dark Web, the majority of the content is of a questionable nature – such as child pornography, snuff films, drug and fake ID stores, and similar content. One such marketplace, Dark Amazon, provides users an Amazon-like shopping experience.

However, not everything on the Dark Web is illegal or unethical. In fact, the Dark Web can be a very useful tool for individuals in China to access Facebook (they have a Dark Web site) or for intelligence operatives in Iran to contact the CIA (they’re on the Dark Web too).

In short, the Dark Web is a useful tool if you are trying to remain anonymous or operating within a country that has strict internet controls. But what do you need to get started? Simple – download a TOR browser. TOR stands for The Onion Router. The idea of an onion is that there are multiple layers of encryption and that the traffic is routed through numerous machines to prevent tracking. TOR browsers exist for all major platforms – including mobile – and are really no different than any other web browser.

The real challenge, however, is finding content. For that, you will need a Dark Web search engine – such as TOR66. However, a few suggestions before you give it a try. First, run a VPN. While there is nothing illegal with using a TOR browser, you may draw suspicion from your ISP and it is always possible that TOR users are being watched by law enforcement. Second, make sure you have antivirus up-to-date on your machine – you never know what’s out there. Third, trust no one. The Dark Web is a place of thieves, con artists, drug dealers, and other people with questionable ethics.

Productivity Gains through Aliases & Scripts

For users of Mac or Linux-based machines, aliases and scripts can create some of the most valuable tools for increased productivity. Even if you run a Windows machine, there is a strong possibility that some machines you interact with – such as AWS – utilize a Linux-based framework.

So, what are aliases and scripts? Scripts are files that contain a sequence of instructions needed to perform a complex procedure. I often create scripts to deploy software applications to development server or to execute complex software builds. Aliases are much shorter, single line commands that are typically placed in a system startup file such as the .bash_profile file on MacOS.

Below are some of the aliases I use. Since Mac doesn’t have an hd command (like Linux), I have aliased it to call hexdump -C. Additionally, Mac has no command for rot13 – a very old command to perform a Caesar cipher which I have aliased to use tr.

Since I spend a lot of time on the command prompt, I have crated a variety of aliases to shortcut directory navigation including a variety of up command to move me up the directory hierarchy (particularly useful in a large build structure) and a command to take me to the root folder of a git project.

Finally, I have a command to show me the last file created or downloaded. This can be particularly useful, for example, to view the last created file I can simply execute cat `lastfile`.

alias hd='hexdump -C'
alias df='df -h'
alias rot13="tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'"
alias up='cd ..'
alias up2='cd ../..'
alias up3='cd ../../..'
alias up4='cd ../../../..'
alias up5='cd ../../../../..'
alias up6='cd ../../../../../..'
alias root='cd `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`'
alias lastfile="ls -t | head -1"

One common script I use is bigdir. This script will show me the size of all folders in my current directory. This can help me locate folders taking up significant space on my computer.
#!/bin/bash

SAVEIFS=$IFS
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")

for file in `ls`
do
        if [ -d "$file" ]
        then
                du -hs "$file" 2> /dev/null
        fi
done
IFS=$SAVEIFS

Another script I use helps me find a text string within the files of a folder.
#!/bin/bash

SAVEIFS=$IFS
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")

if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
        echo Call is: `basename $0` string
else
        for file in `find . -type f | cut -c3-`
        do
                count=`cat "$file" | grep -i $1 | wc -l`
                if [ $count -gt 0 ]
                then
                        echo "******"$file"******"
                        cat "$file" | grep -i $1
                fi
        done
fi
IFS=$SAVEIFS

These are just a few examples of ways to use scripts and aliases to improve your productivity. Do you have a favorite script or alias? Share it below!